人工增雨(雪)所用催化剂对环境和人体健康的影响

通过对人工影响天气所用催化剂种类、作用原理的系统分析,得出其对环境和人体健康不会造成危害的结论。     

农业科研单位编制外用工的管理策略

编制外用工是农业科研单位普遍存在的用工形式。本文阐述了农业科研单位编制外用工的特点，分析了编制外用工存在问题及原因，提出从规范用工管理方式、强化考核管理、拓宽发展空间等方面提高编制外人员的工作积极性，提升编制外用工人力资源管理的效能，促进单位发展。     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

New angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from Coix prolamin and its influence on the gene expression of renin-angiotensin system in vein endothelial cells

Coix seed, which is a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat hypertension for thousands of years. It has been shown that Coix prolamin peptides display high levels of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Hence, we purified the ACE inhibitory peptides from Coix prolamin hydrolysates and evaluated the influence of the most potent peptide on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, Coix prolamin peptides were sequentially separated by ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC, while the peptide structure was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Next, in silico proteolysis, pharmacophore and molecular docking were further applied to screen and optimize the structure of peptides. Finally, a novel ACE inhibitory peptide VDMF was obtained, in which its influence on the gene expression of RAS signaling pathway in AngⅡ-injury HUVECs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. VDMF significantly down-regulated ACE, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and ACE2 mRNA expression in comparation with model group, while up-regulating Mas gene expression. Hence, we obtained a novel antihypertensive candidate that was derived from the Coix peptides, which could involve a multi-modulation mechanism that regulates blood pressure.     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白2复合物对犬胫骨骨折愈合中4种相关细胞因子的作用

研究重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(rhBMP-2)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、纤维蛋白凝胶(FG)与妥布霉素复合物加速骨折愈合。bFGF与rhBMP-2和妥布霉素以纤维蛋白胶为载体复合,将具有抗生素缓释系统的复合物注入犬胫骨骨折处,并做内固定,于术后第2周,采集犬胫骨骨折处样品,每隔2周采集1次,共采集4次,将每次采集的样品制成组织切片,采用免疫组织化学的方法检测4种因子,并对组织切片进行分析,用多功能真彩色细胞图象分析管理系统,分析所得数据用SPSS18.0版统计软件进行统计学分析。血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在试验组第2周表达强阳性,而对照组阳性表达较弱;前4周,试验组血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)阳性率呈上升趋势,强于对照组;前8周,试验组胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)阳性率均高于对照组。说明bFGF与rhBMP-2和妥布霉素以纤维蛋白胶为载体的复合物在骨折愈合具有中促进细胞增殖、黏附、趋化、分化,以及骨折末端血管生长和形成的作用。     

Anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements in roadside topsoils of a suburban region of Bishkek,Central Asia

The ecological environment in Central Asia is vulnerable to pressure from human activity due to the physical geography and climatic fragility of this region. A set of indicators suitable for the future assessment of this pressure needs to be proposed. Thirty‐six topsoil samples (0–5 cm) were collected from roadsides in a suburban region of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia, and a risk assessment of anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was systematically conducted with classic statistical methods. The results of detrended correspondence analysis and principal component analysis clearly showed that topsoil samples with high contents of PTEs (Pb, Zn and Cu) were strongly affected by traffic within a distance threshold of 200 m and that anthropogenic effects decreased significantly with increasing distance from the highway. The enrichment factor and anthropogenic contribution for Pb were the highest among the three PTEs, with average values of 2.0% and 47.4%, respectively, suggesting enrichment. However, the results of the human health risk assessment also indicated that noncarcinogenic risks did not occur for any of the anthropogenic PTEs. The reported method provides a new systematic pathway to reveal anthropogenic influences on the geochemical composition of soil. The conclusions of this work will be highly valuable as important guidelines for agriculture, and the results of the PTE contents will provide a scientific basis for soil collection in future studies.     

稻鸭共作中CH4和N2O排放规律及影响因素

稻鸭共作是目前稻田种养中的一种典型模式,其主要特点是利用鸭子在稻田内的活动,实现经济效益和生态效益的双赢。鸭子的存在丰富了生物多样性,充分利用了稻田生态位。鸭子的持续运动、觅食、排泄等活动会影响稻田温室气体甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放和全球增温潜势(GWP)。本文结合稻鸭共作中鸭子对稻田环境的扰动行为,从水体、土壤、CH_4和N_2O转化功能菌及种植技术等角度,总结探讨了稻鸭共作中温室气体CH_4和N_2O产生、输送和释放的过程与机理。针对当前稻鸭共作温室气体排放研究中存在的问题,提出了一系列建议和展望,以期为稻田种养温室气体减排的研究提供参考。     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素对母驴促排卵效果的研究

[目的]研究人绒毛膜促性腺激素（human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG）对母驴卵泡发育、排卵率、受胎率以及血清生殖激素水平的影响。[方法]选择优势卵泡直径在30~35 mm以及大于35 mm的母驴各30头,不同优势卵泡直径的母驴群体分别设置1个500 IU/头hCG处理组（n=10）、1个1 000 IU/头hCG处理组（n=10）、1个不接受hCG处理的对照组（n=10）。采用肌肉注射方法对各组母驴进行hCG处理。每隔24 h进行1次B超检查,观察各组母驴卵泡发育情况,测量卵泡直径;记录各组发生排卵的母驴数量,计算排卵率。对各组母驴进行人工输精,输精后第18天进行孕检,记录各组受胎母驴头数,计算各组受胎率。于hCG处理后0、24、48、72 h分别测定各组母驴血清中雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,PROG）水平。[结果]2个群体母驴的卵泡直径随hCG注射剂量的增加而增大;优势卵泡直径大于35 mm的母驴群体中,肌肉注射hCG的2个组在处理后24 h内均出现排卵,而对照组母驴没有排卵;优势卵泡直径不同的2个母驴群体,在hCG处理48 h后排卵母驴数和排卵率与对照组相比均有所提高,其中,hCG处理后72 h,优势卵泡直径大于35 mm的母驴群体中,1 000 IU/头 hCG处理组的排卵率达到100%。2个母驴群体中,接受hCG处理的母驴,受胎率均高于对照,并且随hCG剂量的增加,受胎率有所提高;优势卵泡直径大于35 mm的母驴群体中,1 000 IU/头 hCG处理组的受胎率达到50%。2个母驴群体中,1 000 IU/头处理组在hCG处理后24 h的血清E₂浓度均较0 h时有较大幅度的提升,在0~72 h内血清PROG浓度的总体提升幅度较大。[结论]hCG处理可提高母驴的排卵率、受胎率以及血清中E₂和PROG水平,1 000 IU/头剂量的效果更好。     

地表火对宝天曼栎类森林生态系统服务功能的影响研究

2008年4月至2010年6月采用时间序列代替空间序列的方法,对宝天曼栎类森林生态系统服务功能受地表火影响在不同时间的涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、生物保育、积累营养物质、负离子提供和森林病虫害防治等7个方面进行了初步评估。结果表明,地表火干扰造成宝天曼栎类森林生态系统服务功能损失的价值在时间序列上依次为1年是24.95万元.hm-2,5年是11.68万元.hm-2,10年是4.91万元.hm-2,15年是0.68万元.hm-2;各项服务功能价值量损失排序为保育土壤>涵养水源>病虫害防治>固碳释氧>积累营养物质>净化大气>生物保育,其中保育土壤和涵养水源两项的损失占总损失量的70%左右,这表明地表火主要影响宝天曼栎类森林生态系统中的保育土壤和涵养水源功能。     

High variability in spawning migration of sea trout,Salmo trutta,in two northern Swedish rivers

Abstract Telemetry was used to examine spawning migration of sea trout, Salmo trutta L. (n = 126), in two rivers in northern Sweden. The spawning areas defined by radio‐tagged fish differed between the river systems. In the River Vindelälven, sea trout spawned in the main stem and 80% of tagged individuals returned to areas where hatchery‐reared juveniles had been previously stocked. In the River Piteälven, 74% of tagged sea trout ascended tributaries for spawning. Tagged fish were categorised into three groups of migratory pattern. cart (classification and regression tree) analysis indicated that distance from tagging location to spawning site (S_dist) explained the migratory patterns. Large S_dist separated fish with stepwise upstream migration from those with up‐ and downstream migrations and one‐directional direct migration. Fish tagged early in the season migrated the longest distance to spawning areas. Stocking locations and sex explained the large search behaviour up‐ and downstream in the rivers. The findings are important for the sustainable management of sea trout in the Gulf of Bothnia.